In extreme cold, just before the onset of frostbite, sudden vasodilation occurs manifested in flush skin. This vasodilation is most likely the result of:

A.  paralysis of smooth muscle in the vascular walls.

B.  paralysis of skeletal muscle surrounding the vascular walls.

C.  sudden tachycardia with a resultant increase in blood pressure.

D.  blood shunting due to smooth muscle sphincters.

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